Wednesday 23 April 2014

Parental stress and early childhood caries

Read the following article on the Association of parental stress and early childhood caries (click on article title to open in a new window) and then write its abstract according to the rules of paragraph writing we have discussed in class (up to 100 words).

The original abstract of this article hardly illustrates its content but I am sure yours will be highly descriptive, appropriate and attractive for the potential readers.



44 comments:

  1. Introduction:
    The authors describe associations between parental stress and early childhood caries (ECC).
    Methods:
    The authors made a cross-sectional study that included 250 children of 4-6 year-old; 127 ones attended the pediatric department of Isfahan School of Dentistry to solve some dental problems and a comparison group of 123 without caries children attended 5 kindergartens and pre-schools in Isfahan city. The caries status was evaluated and the authors administered periodic questionnaires to parents to find their Parenting Stress Index. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 11.5.The descriptive statistics were recorded.
    Findings:
    Considering only the score of PSI authors found that there was not any significant relationship between total parental stress and ECC.
    Conclusions:
    Results of this study did not evidence any considerable association between total parenting stress score and prevalence of early childhood caries.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Introduction :
    The author relates parenting stress with early childhood carries. Parenting stress is divided into stress of the child ( child stresses parent ) and stress from parents and family ( emotional, financial, social ) .

    Materials and Methods :
    The study was made on two separate groups of people . Children were consulted and their mothers had to fill a form with data about children and parents. The forms were analyzed by SPSS version 11.5. The
    descriptive statistics were recorded.

    Results:
    There were no significant differences between the two groups in occupation and educational levels of parents.There were no significant differences in scores of the following domains between ECC and caries free group.
    The only difference was ECC and caries free groups: child reinforcement, child distractibility, child deficit attent
    ion, life stress and relationship with spouse.

    Discussion :
    Total parenting stress was not significantly different between ECC and caries free group. The findings from the present study did not show any relationship between caries and higher parenting stress. But, there was direct relationship between general life stressors and ECC

    Conclusion :
    Findings of this study did not show any significant association between total parenting stress score and prevalence of early childhood caries

    ReplyDelete
  3. Introduction: T he study discuss about early childhood caries and parental stress
    Materials and methods: The study was made on 127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children. The other population include 123 children of 4-6 year-old.
    Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in occupation and education levels of parents. There was not any relationship between dental trauma, used medications, hospital admission , dental flossing and dental caries.
    Discussion: Total parenting stress was not significantly different between ECC and caries free group.
    Conclusion: Finding of this study did not show any significant association between total parenting stress score and prevalence of early childhood caries.

    ReplyDelete
  4. Introduction:
    The early childhood caries (ECC) is an issue presented as a lower socio-economic groups problem.
    Materials and Methods:
    The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. There were two groups included, one was a population of 127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children attending the Isfahan Pediatric Dentistry department for dental treatment, the other population included 123 children of 4-5 years-old recruited from five kindergartens close to the Isfahan School of Dentistry. The parents completed a long questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 11.5.
    Conclusion:
    The study is not conclusive because there is no evident data.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Stefan, one question about the conclusion: Is the conclusion yours or the article's?

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    2. The conclusion is the article's. I was running out of ideas.

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  5. Abstract
    The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between parental stress and early childhood caries (ECC) in children aged 4-6 from Isfahan. The effect of family stress on the child's well being and dental caries was studied using the standardized Parenting Stress Index (PSI), used in primary health care settings. A sample of two hundred and fifty 4-6 year-old children and their parents was used for the study. The findings from the study did not show any relationship between caries and higher parenting stress. However, there was a direct relationship between general life stressors and ECC.


    ReplyDelete
  6. Abstract
    The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between parental stress and early childhood caries (ECC) in children aged 4-6 from Isfahan. The effect of family stress on the child's well being and dental caries was studied using the standardized Parenting Stress Index (PSI), used in primary health care settings. A sample of two hundred and fifty 4-6 year-old children and their parents was used for the study. The findings from the study did not show any relationship between caries and higher parenting stress. However, there was a direct relationship between general life stressors and ECC.

    ReplyDelete
  7. Abstract
    Obijective:This study has the objective to demonstrate if there is any connection between parental stress and early childhood caries (EEC).
    Materials and methods:The study was made on 127 parents having children aged 4-6 years old and another group of 123 childred aged 4-6 years old.
    Conclusion: There was no direct asociation between caries and parental stress.

    ReplyDelete
  8. Introduction:
    The author describes relation between the parental stress and early childhood caries (ECC).
    Materials and methods:
    The study was made on two disparate populations. One was a population of 127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children. The other population included 123 children of 4-6 year-old. Parents had to complete a questionnare which was analyzed by SPSS.
    Results:
    There were no significant differences between the two groups in occupation and educational levels of parents. The scores of the following domains demonstrated significant differences between ECC and caries free groups: child reinforcement, child distractibility, child deficit attention, life stress and relationship with spouse.
    Conclusion:
    Findings of this study did not show any significant association between total parenting stress score and prevalence of early childhood caries.

    ReplyDelete
  9. Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) are more common among lower socioe-conomic groups and
    deprived ethnic minorities and it is believed that they affect general and dental health.
    Materials and Methods: The study was made on 2 populations : a population of 127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children attending the Isfahan Pediatric Dentistry department for dental treatment, the other population included 123 children of 4-5 years-old recruited from five kindergartens close to the Isfahan School of Dentistry. The parents had to complete a long form of PSI questionnaire and the data data was analyzed by SPSS version 11.5.
    Discussion: The results from the study did not show any relationship between caries and higher parenting stress. But, there was found a direct relationship between general life stressors and ECC.
    Conclusion: Some domains of parenting stress may increase the possibility of dental caries in their children.

    ReplyDelete
  10. Introduction: This study shows the association between parental stress and early chilhood caries.
    Materials and methods:The study included two different populations:one was a population of 127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children attending the Isfahan Pediatric Dentistry department for dental treatment. The other population included 123 children of 4-6 year-old recruited from five kindergartens close to the Isfahan School of Dentistry.
    Results:Two hundred and fifty 4-6 year-old children and their parents were enrolled in the study.There were no significant
    differences between the two groups in occupation and educational levels of parents.
    Discussion:Total parenting stress was not significantly different between ECC and caries free group.
    Conclusion:Findings of this study did not show any significant association between total parenting
    stress score and prevalence of early childhood caries.But there are some domains of
    parenting stress that may increase the possibility of dental caries in their children.

    ReplyDelete
  11. Abstract
    Objective: The study aim to demonstrate if there is any connection between EEC and parental stress.
    Materials and methods: The study used 127 parents having children aged 4-6 years old and another group of 123 childred aged 4-6 years old.
    Conclusion: There is no connection between EEC and parental stress

    ReplyDelete
  12. Introduction: The study explains the relation between the parental stress and early childhood caries (ECC).
    Materials and methods: The study was made on two disparate populations (4-6 years children) in which the parents had to complete a questionnare which was analyzed.
    Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups.
    Conclusion: Findings did not show any valuable association between parenting stress and early childhood caries.

    ReplyDelete
  13. Introduction: The author presents the subject of the article: relation between parental stress and early childhood caries.
    Materials and Methods: There were two disparate populations included in the study: 127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children with caries and 123 children of 4-6 year-old from five kindergartens. Parents had to complete a PSI questionnaire which contains 120 questions of stress factors.
    Results: There were no significant differences between two groups. One of the differences was that children of caries free group had received more fluoride therapy. Another difference was in: child reinforcement, child distractibility, child deficit attention, life stress and relationship with spouse.
    Discussion: There was no difference between two groups, but there was a relationship between general life stressors and ECC.
    Conclusion: In this paragraph the author resumes the results of the research: there is no association between parenting stress and prevalence of early childhood caries.

    ReplyDelete
  14. Introduction:
    The study shows that general stressors affect dental health,because general parental stress affects their behavior and has negative effects on their children,including ECC(early childhood caries).
    Methods:
    Two disparate populations were included to a study named PSI(parental stress index).The study included both sides domains:parent and child,and the descriptive statistics were recorded.
    Results:
    According to the scores of the domains,there was not any significant relationship between ECC and parental stress.
    Discussion:
    Even if the study did not show any relationship between caries and higher parenting stress,there was a direct relationship between general life stressors and ECC.
    Conclusion:
    There is no significant association between total parenting stress score and prevalence of EEC.

    ReplyDelete
  15. Introduction:
    In the article are described the methods in which children come to have cavities. From these the most important are the stress and poor parenting.

    Materials and Methods:
    The study included 127 parents of children between ages 4-6 years attending the Isfahan Pediatric Dentistry department for dental treatment. The other Population included 123 children of 4-6 year-old recruited from five kindergartens close to the Isfahan School of Dentistry. There were asked 101 questions with 5 degree Likert type scoring system and 19 questions with yes / no response format. After the questions they found out which are the most stressful things in their lives.

    Results:
    There were no significant differences between the two groups in occupation and educational levels of parents.

    Discussion:
    The discussions showed that parenting stress Total WAS not significantly different between ECC and caries free group.

    Conclusion:
    This study did not show any significant association between total parenting stress score and prevalence of early childhood caries.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Madalina,
      please correct the following:
      1. In the article are described the methods....
      2. There were asked 101 questions..........

      Delete
    2. 1. The methods are described in the article...
      2. 101 questions were asked there...

      Delete
  16. Introduction:The study shows the relation between the early childhood caries(ECC) and the parental stress.
    Materials and methods:the study include two lots of people.The first one include 127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children attending the Isfahan Pediatric Dentistry department for dental treatment.And the other included 123 children of 4-6 year-old recruited from five kindergartens close to the Isfahan School of Dentistry.
    Results:There were no significant differences between two groups.
    Discussion:The results from the study did not show any difference between the two groups.
    Conclusion:This study not show any significant association between parenting stress score and ECC.However,parenting stress may increase the possibility of ECC.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Andreea please consider correcting:
      1. the study include
      2. the first one include
      3. You never start a sentence with And
      4. There is a problem with your definite articles: could you find any misplaced "the"?
      5. The negative in the sentence: The study not show any significant association...........

      Delete
    2. 1.the study included
      2.the first one included
      3.The first one included 127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children attending the Isfahan Pediatric Dentistry department for dental treatment,and the other included 123 children of 4-6 year-old recruited from five kindergartens close to the Isfahan School of Dentistry.
      4.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups.
      5.The study does not show any significant association

      Delete
  17. Introduction
    The aim of this study is to determine if there is any relationship between parenting stress and early childhood carries.

    Materials and methods
    The study included two disparate populations, one of 127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children attending the Isfahan Pediatric Dentistry department for dental treatment and the other one children of 4-6 year-old recruited from five kindergartens. So that, the children were recorded the caries experience and the mothers were given some questionnaires.

    Results
    There were no significant differences between this two groups, beside the fact that the free caries group was received fluoride therapy and the other one did not.

    Discussion
    Total parenting stress was not significantly different between ECC and caries free group. The findings from the present study did not show any relationship between caries and higher parenting stress. But, there was direct relationship between general life stressors and ECC.

    Conclusion
    This study couldn’t prove any implications of parenting stress in early childhood carries.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Cristina, your abstract is really impressive, however, you have to bear in mind that we cannot use short forms in formal scientific writing.
      Likewise, can you correct the phrase: the free caries group was received fluoride therapy

      Delete
  18. Introduction: The study explains the relation between the parental stress and early childhood caries.

    Materials and Methods:1)127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children
    2)127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children

    Results:There were no significant differences in scores of the following domains between ECC
    and caries free group’s: child mood, parent sense of competence, child adaptability parent health.

    Discussion:Total parenting stress was not significantly different between ECC and caries free group.
    A parent who does not expect much from a child is more likely to view the child easy to
    manage. Parents who place high demands on their children,may see even minor deviations from these expectations as difficult
    and demandingness child.

    Conclusion:In my opinion this study did not show any significant association between total parenting
    stress score and prevalence of early childhood caries.Parents must take care for the oral health or their children and to keep them close to a "Dental Home"-regulary visits and brushing corectly.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Paul: what is wrong with the phrases:
      - "expectations as difficult and demandingness child"?
      - regulary visits; brushing corectly.

      Delete
  19. Introduction
    The purpose of this study, is to explore and explain whether parental stress influences, by any matter early, childhood carries.

    Materials and methods
    The study included 127 parents of children between ages 4-6 years attending the Isfahan Pediatric Dentistry department for dental treatment. The other Population included 123 children of 4-6 year-old recruited from five kindergartens close to the Isfahan School of Dentistry. They were asked a sum of questions which determined the most stressful thing in their lives.

    Results
    The study has shown no significant differences between the two groups of people, beside the fact that the free caries group received fluoride therapy while the other one did not.

    Discussion
    Total parenting stress was not significantly different between ECC and caries free group. The findings from the present study did not show any relationship between caries and higher parenting stress.

    Conclusion
    Findings did not show any valuable association between parenting stress and early childhood caries.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Good summary, except for the fact that "caries"is sometimes spelt with double "r".

      Delete
  20. Introduction:
    The study explores the impact that psychosocial determinants have on the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC) by studying the relationship between parental stress and the frequency of dental caries in children.

    Materials and methods:
    The study included two disparate populations. One was a population of 127 parents and their 4-6 year-old children attending the Isfahan Pediatric Dentistry department for dental treatment. The other population included 123 children of 4-6 year-old recruited from five kindergartens close to the Isfahan School of Dentistry. Parents of the two groups had to complete the PSI questionnaire in order to determine the stress level in their lives.

    Results:
    The study has shown that there were no significant difference between ECC and free caries group.

    Discussion:
    Considering that the total parenting stress was not significantly different between ECC and free caries group, the study shows no conclusive correlation between childhood caries and higher parenting stress, although there was shown that general life stressors may be related to ECC.

    Conclusion:
    The findings of this study did not show any significant association between total parenting stress score and prevalence of early childhood caries.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Andrei,
      would you correct:
      - the study has shown that there were no significant difference between........

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    2. The study has shown that there were no significant difference between the two groups of people and that there is no correlation between ECC and parental stress.

      Delete
    3. Andrei, you did not correct the sentence I mentioned, but completed the sentence. So please find the mistake in that sentence.

      Delete
    4. The study has shown that there were no significant "differences" between........

      Delete
  21. Introduction:
    The objective of this study is to investigate the association between parental stress and early childhood caries (ECC) in 4-6-year-old Isfahanian families using the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) based on some other studies: LaValle, Quinonez and Tang.
    Materials and Methds:
    They included two disparate populations: 127 parents and their 4-6-year-old children attending the Isafahan Pediatric Dentistry department of dental treatment and 123 children of 4-5-year-old recruited from five kindergartens close to the Isafahan School of Dentistry. Caries experience was recorded using the WHO criteria. The PSI quetionnaire contains 120 quetions. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS version 11.5.
    Results:
    250 children were enrolled in the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in occupation and educational levels of parents. Child reinforcement, child distractibility, child deficit attention, life stress and relationship with spouse demonstrated significant differences between ECC and caries free groups. There was not any relationship between dental trauma, used medications, hospital admission, dental flossing and dental caries. Discussions:
    The results of this study did not show any association between caries and higher parenting stress, but there was direct relationship between general life stressors and ECC.
    Conclusion:Some domains of parenting stress may increase the possibility of dental caries in their children.

    ReplyDelete
  22. Introduction: The study is about how stress factors and parental behavior influence the development of carries.

    Materials and methods: Cross section study, a group of 127 parents and their 4-6 yearg-old children attending dental treatment and a group of 123 of 4-6 year-old children from different kindergartens close to the dentistry school, which were asked to answer a questionnaire.

    Results: No differences were observed between the ECC and carrie free groups.

    Discussion: The study did not show a significant impact of parenting stress on ECC,while general life stressors were associted to ECC.

    Conclusion: It was proven that ECC is not caused by early childhood carries.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Andrea, a recurrent mistake in your post is linked with the noun "carries" - what is the right form? BTW, the noun has no singular form either.

      Delete
  23. Introduction:
    The study looks at whether there is a relationship between general stressors (in parents) and ECC (Early Childhood Caries).

    Materials and Methods
    Two disparate populations were included in the study. One- a population of 127 parents, and their 4-6 year old children attending the Isfahan Pediatric Dentistry. The second population included 123 children of 4-6 year, recruited from five kindergartens close to the dentistry. Children’s carie experiences were recorded by a trained examiner, and parents of the two groups (generally mothers) were completed a long form of PSI questionnaires- the questionnaire contained 101 questions.

    Result
    Results to the tests conducted found that there were no significant differences between the two groups in occupation and education levels of the parents. A higher percentage of caries free group had received fluoride therapy compared with ECC group.

    Discussion
    The article stated that parenting stress was not significant difference between ECC and caries free group. “The findings from the present study did not show any relationship between caries and higher parenting stress. But there was a direct relationship between general life stressors and ECC”.

    Conclusion
    Findings from this study did not show any significant association between total parenting stress score and the prevalence of early childhood caries, however as stated by the article, some domains of parental stress may increase the possibility of dental caries in their children

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Martika, can you repeat here the forms of the noun "caries" (sg/pl)

      Delete
  24. This study tries to show a relation between ECC(early childhood caries) and parental stress.
    THe study inclided two groups of parents and their children but cannot show any significant difference between the two groups.

    ReplyDelete
  25. Association of Parental Stress and Early Childhood Caries draw attention to the health of children. Early childhood caries is prevalent in 2-6 year old preschool children, in lower socio-economic groups and deprived ethnic minorities.
    Parental stress is reflected upon the child. Psychosocial investigations have not been studied in the relationship between parental stress and early caries in children. For practitioners and researchers is is important to investigate the dynamics and epidemiology of stress as parental role. The main functions of parental stress are initially identified by screening, the diagnostic measures and individual set requires effective interventions and methods to study the effects of parental stress.The standardized Parenting Stress Index is used in primary health care settings by clinicians, nurses and researchers, and the competence of the parent- child dyad .
    In Iran, due to financial problems, working conditions, prolonged illness, insecurity, children do not develop normally and appear early dental disease. Researchers have shown that there is a relationship between these diseases and lack of education,child birth order, ethnicity, culture and belief .
    The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between parental stress and early childhood caries in 4-6 year old children in Isfahanian families .
    Mother completed PSI questionnaire, contains 101 questions. Parents who learns( demands) their children the hygiene general rules, have a children with a good oral health .
    Finally, it’s necessary to design life course cohorts to evaluate cause and affect relationship between early childhood caries and parenting stress .

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Maria, please reconsider the following:
      - Association of Parental Stress draw attention to the health of children.
      - is is important
      -... and appear early dental disease
      - mother completed PSI questionnaire,contains 101 questions
      - parents who learns (demands) have a children
      Also I would advise you not to use short forms such as "it’s" in formal writing (i.e. here an abstract)

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    2. -draws attention
      -Mother had completed PSI questionnaire which contains 101 questions
      - it is important…
      -children do not develop normally and it is very probably to appear early dental disease.
      -I guess that the parents who teach their children about the dental oral hygiene, would probably have a kid that would pay a really good attention to his oral hygiene

      Delete
  26. Introduction:
    This is a study that describes how parental stress may affect early childhood caries.
    Materials and methods:
    The study was made on 2 groups,one group ( 127 children and their parents ) attended at the pediatric dentistry department for dental treatment,while other group ( 123 children and their parents ) were recruited from the kindergartens in the area. Parents were given forms to fill them,and then the data were analyzed in SPSS.
    Results:
    Analyzes showed no significant differences between the two groups. Yet the 2 groups were different,but the evidence showed that the differences were insignificant.
    Conclusion:
    Parental stress did not significantly affect children's early caries.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Ruxandra,
      the word "analyzes" is wrong, can you correct it?

      Delete